Blue Mussel
Mytilus edulis
The blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) is a widely distributed bivalve mollusk known for its smooth, bluish-black shell and ability to form large, dense beds in coastal environments. It thrives in both intertidal and subtidal zones, attaching itself to rocks, docks, and other hard surfaces using protein-based byssal threads. This attachment helps it withstand strong waves and currents. The blue mussel is a filter feeder, drawing in water through its siphons to extract plankton and organic particles. This feeding process helps improve water quality by reducing excess nutrients. Blue mussels reproduce by releasing eggs and sperm into the water, leading to free-swimming larvae that eventually settle and develop into adults. They are an important food source for many marine animals, including sea stars, crabs, and seabirds. Due to their rapid growth and high protein content, blue mussels are also harvested for human consumption and are a key species in aquaculture worldwide.
Fun Fact!
Blue mussels can close their shells tightly for extended periods to survive exposure to air during low tide and to protect themselves from predators. Blue mussels can alter the strength of their byssal threads depending on environmental conditions, producing stronger threads in rough waters and weaker ones in calm areas to conserve energy.
Habitat & Range
Found in cold and temperate waters across the North Atlantic, from the Arctic to the Mid-Atlantic coast, and in parts of the Pacific. Prefers rocky shorelines, tidal flats, and submerged structures.
Lifespan & Growth
Typically lives 2-4 years but can survive up to 10-12 years in some cases. Grows up to 10 cm in length, though most are smaller.
Role in Ecosystem
Acts as a natural filter, improving water clarity and quality. Provides habitat and food for many marine species, including small fish, crustaceans, and predatory sea stars.